Rules of Narration / Narration করার সহজ নিয়ম / Passage Narration করার নিয়ম JSC, SSC, HSC
Narration
Narration =উক্তি = সারাদিন আমরা যে কথা বলি , তাই হলো Narration.প্রথমে আমাদের জেনে রাখা দরকার যে, Narration এ কি কি থাকে?
উত্তর হলোঃ
১। Narration এ একজন বলে ২। আর একজন উত্তর দেয় বা প্রশ্ন করে বা স্বাভাবিক কথা বলে ৩। বাক্যের ধরন । সুতরাং এবার Narration থেকে বের করা যাক কে বলে ? কাকে বলে ? এবং বাক্যের ধরন
।
তবে তার আগে নিচের ছকটি পড়ে নিলে ভালো হয়। কিসের ছক? এই ছক শিখে নিলেই ব্যাস,Narration শেখা ok.আর একটি কথা কিছু উদাহরণ বা Example ব্যাখাসহকারে পড়ে নিলে আরও কিছুটা Skill বাড়বে।।
Do
|
Did
|
can
|
Could
|
Does
|
Did
|
Shall
|
should
|
Did
|
had
|
Will
|
Would
|
Am
|
was
|
May
|
Might
|
Is
|
Was
|
No
|
Replied
in the negative
|
Are
|
were
|
Yes
|
Replied
in the positive
|
was
|
Had been
|
Sir
|
Respectfully
|
were
|
Had been
|
Thank
|
Thanked
|
have
|
had
|
Must
|
Had to+
verb1
|
has
|
Had
|
Be
|
To be
|
Good
morning
|
Wished
good morning
|
May
Allah
|
Prayed
that
|
V1
|
V2
|
V2
|
Had+v3
|
3.
Time Change:
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
Ago
|
Before
|
Come
|
Go
|
Here
|
There
|
Hence
|
Thence
|
Hither
|
Thither
|
Now
|
Then
|
Next
(day/ month/week/year)
|
Following
(day/ week/ month/year)
|
Today
|
That
day
|
Thus
|
So/
In that way
|
These
(days)
|
Those(days)
|
This
(evening/ morning/noon)
|
That
(evening/ morning/noon)
|
This
day
|
That
day
|
Tonight
|
That
night
|
Tomorrow
|
The
next/ following day
|
Last
weekend
|
The
weekend before last
The
previous weekend
|
Last
night
|
The
previous night
|
Last
month/ year
|
The
previous month/ year
The
month/ year before
|
Yesterday
(morning/ after noon/ evening)
|
The
previous (morning/ after noon/ evening)
|
Tomorrow
(morning/ evening)
|
The
following (morning/evening)
|
Reporting speech Reported speech
4. Person Change:
Reported speech এ 1st (I ,WE)
|
Reporting verb এর subject
কে follow
করে।
|
Reported speech এ 2nd
(you, your)
|
Reporting verb এর object
কে follow
করে।
|
Reported speech এ 3rd
(He, She, It)
|
No change.
|
**Assertive sentence = Said উঠে said হয়,
Comma উঠে that হয় (শুরুতে Subject থাকলে
)
Suma
said. “I am reading this book” Ans: Suma said that she was reading that book.
Rafi
said to Robi, “ will you go to school today?” Ans:Rafi asked Robi if he would go to school that day.
Sohel
said to Rasel, “What are you doing now?”Ans:Sohel
asked Rasel what he was doing then
The
teacher said to the student, “Always speak the truth.” Ans: The teacher advised the student to speak the truth always.
উঠে
Father
said to me, “May you pass the examination”. Ans: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.
**Exclamatory sentence = Said উঠে exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with sorrow, Comma that( ! থাকে ).
The
student said, “Hurrah ! Our team has won the game”. Ans: The student exclaimed with joy that their team had won the
game.
Passage narration rule
Rules of Passage Narration
Rule 1:প্রথমত, পুরাো Passage টিকে পড়ে Speaker এবং listener তা
mark করেত হবে। তারপর
তাদের উক্তিগুলর Mood বা ক্রিয়া ধরন mark করেত হবে।
Example: “Will you buy my hair.”
asked Akhi. “I buy hair.” said Tori. Ans. Akhi asked Tori if he
would buy her hair. Tori replied
that he bought hair.
Rule 2: বক্তা যদি পুরো Passage এ একাধিক উক্তি ব্যবহার করে থাকেন তাহলে ,
(a)Assertive Sentence এর
ক্ষেত্রে added/further added/also said ব্যবহার
করেত হবে।
(b)Interrogative এর
ক্ষেত্রে : again asked/further asked/also asked ব্যবহার
করেত হবে।
(c)Imperative Sentence এর
ক্ষেত্রে : and Requested /and ordered to ব্যবহার
করেত হবে।
(d)Optative Sentence এর
ক্ষেত্রে : and prayed/and wished that ব্যবহার
করেত হবে।
(e) Exclamatory
Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে : and exclaimed in
joy that/ in grief that ব্যবহার করেত
হবে।
Example: “ I’ll pay
for it. I’ll repair the broken axe. I broke it.” He said to me. “Why did you
break it? How did you
show your responsibility? Do you have money for repairing it?” I
said.
Ans. He told me that
he would pay for it. He added that he would repair the broken axe.
He further added that
He had broken it. I asked him why he had broken it. I also asked him
how he had showed his
responsibility. I further asked if he had money for repairing it.
Rule 3: Reported speech এ yes থাকলে indirect করতে yes এর পরিবরতে replied in the affirmative বসে অথবা Subject + Auxiliary Verb হয়।
Example:I said to him,
“Have you memorized Narration?”, “Yes” He said.
Ans. I asked him if he
had memorized Narration. He replied in the affirmative. Or he said
that he had.
2. Tonni said Papri,
“Will you come here.” “Yes, I will join my work tomorrow.”
Ans. Tonni asked Papri
if she (p) would go there. Papri replied in the affirmative and said
that he would join her
work the next day.
Rule 4: Reported Speech এ No থাকলে
indirect করতে
এর no পরিবরতে Subject + replied in the negative or Subject + Auxiliary Verb +
not বসে।
Example: 1. I said to him, “Have you
memorized Narration?”, “No” He said. Ans. I asked
him if he had memorized Narration.
He replied in the negative. Or he said that he hadn’t.
2. Tonni said Papri, “Will you come
here.” “No, I will join my work tomorrow.”
Ans. Tonni asked Papri if she (p)
would go there. Papri replied in the negative and said
that he would join her work the next
day.
Rule 5: Direct Speech Please
থাকলে indirect করতে Please
পরিবরতে kindly/ politely/ respectfully বসে।
Direct Speech এ
sir থাকলে indirect Speech এ Sir এর
পরিবরতে Respectfully বা Addressing as sir বসে।
Direct:“Yes,sir” he replied,“I have
completed my home work.”
Indir:He replied respectfully in the
affirmative that he had completed my home work.
Or Addressing as sir he replied in
the affirmative that he had completed my home work.
Exmple: “May I come in, sir”, “Yes,
come in” said Tori. “Please teach me” said the
Ans. The student respectfully asked
Tori if he might come in.The student
requested Tori politely to teach him
clearly.
Rule 6: Reported speech এ
ALLAH / by GOD/by jove/ by y life থাকে indirect
করতে swearing by allah/jove/god/my life বসে।
Reported Speech এ
Thank থাকলে_ Indirect Speech এ reporting verb এর
পরিবরতে subject +thanked + object
Example: He said to me, “Thank you.”
Ans. He thanked me.
Rule 7 : Reported Speech এ Goodbye Indirect Speech এ
reporting verb এর পরিবরতে subject +bade + Reported Speech
এর object বসে।
Example: He said “Goodbye my
friends.”
Ans. He bade his friend’s good bye.
Rule8: Reported Speech এ good morning/ good evening/ good night
_ থাকলে Indirect
Speech করতে reporting Verb কে subject+ wished+ good morning/good
evening/good night বসে।
. Example: He said to
me, “Good morning.” Ans. He wished me good morning
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